The Study
Does training for gymnastics negatively influence growth and maturation? This study by Robert M. Malina, professor of physical education and exercise science and director of Michigan State University's Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, provides a summary and analysis of existing research pertaining to the growth and maturation of female gymnasts. Since the sport has evolved to favor the body of a child in contrast to that of a maturing adolescent girl or young adult woman, there is concern that training may negatively impact size/height as well as the timing and tempo of the growth spurt and puberty.

The Findings
Given the presently available evidence, it is difficult to implicate intensive training for gymnastics as having a negative influence on growth and maturation. Gymnasts are generally selected on the basis of their size characteristics and other attributes such as upper body strength and coordination. They are usually shorter than average and mature later; familial factors are seen to influence both size and the timing of puberty. Young gymnasts of both sexes present a pattern of growth and maturation similar to that observed in short, normal, slow maturing children. If there are risks in gymnastics training for growth and maturation, they usually involve compromised nutrition, a motivational climate that fosters chronic psychological and emotional stress and/or unrealistic demands and expectations.

What It Means to You
Regular training in gymnastics can be a positive satisfying experience for the majority of young girls. Experiences vary, however, depending on the quality of coaching, parental support, level of competition, motivation, the sport organization, expectations, etc. It should be noted, however, that significant numbers of young gymnasts have persistent problems with eating disorders, often enhanced by coaching practices such as weekly or daily "weigh-ins" and consistent negative feedback about body appearance. Although risk of injury is inherent in sports participation, of particular concern for gymnasts is overuse injuries associated with excessive repetition of the same activities and training or competing with injuries.

For More Information
Consult Malina, R. M. (Fall 1996). "Growth and Maturation of Female Gymnasts," Spotlight on Youth Sports, Volume 19, Number 3, pp 1-3.

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